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The Mediterranean and Near Eastern cultures have profoundly shaped the identity and practices of several religious traditions, such as Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. This concentration allows students to explore diverse academic methods for studying religion within these cultural contexts. While the program covers all historical periods, its courses mainly emphasize ancient and medieval societies and languages. Students investigate these topics using multiple sources, including texts, linguistics, artifacts, geography, and visual materials. The curriculum incorporates perspectives from history, philology, visual arts, literary criticism, gender studies, biblical scholarship, post-colonial theory, and social sciences. A key focus is encouraging students to analyze how cultural and social structures have evolved and interacted over time.