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Graduate students exploring this field examine how religion evolves within, through, and beyond diverse modernisms worldwide. Their studies encompass religion's evolving connections with secular frameworks, scientific inquiry, and economic structures. The Graduate Group in Religious Studies at Penn unites specialists across multiple disciplines. Our focus extends beyond regional studies and historical faith traditions to encompass methodological perspectives, such as critically examining the concept of religion itself, analyzing material and visual culture, studying both ancient texts and modern digital media, and investigating religion's intersection with modernity and science—including its political dimensions and connections to gender and racial identities. Instead of rigid academic tracks, we promote interdisciplinary approaches, equipping students with both scholarly expertise for academia and versatile research and communication skills for various career paths. Our primary research domains, presented alphabetically, include: