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Earth and Ocean Sciences is a multidisciplinary domain that combines core and practical research on terrestrial, estuarine, and marine environments. Learners will develop essential knowledge about the flow and conversion of substances and energy across watersheds, coastal zones, and open oceans, encompassing landform evolution, fluid dynamics, chemical processes, and biological interactions. This core discipline integrates aspects of environmental chemistry, geochemistry, water science, and pollution studies to analyze and forecast the behavior and impacts of nutrients and pollutants in ecosystems. The Earth and Ocean Sciences program employs diverse methodologies, from observational tools to computational modeling, to examine subsystem mechanisms, establish cross-system relationships, comprehend multi-scale phenomena, and provide interdisciplinary graduate education opportunities.