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The concept of tissue engineering was formally defined during a 1988 National Science Foundation workshop as utilizing engineering and biological principles to study the structure-function relationships in both healthy and diseased tissues, while creating biological replacements to enhance, preserve, or repair tissue function. This interdisciplinary field combines knowledge from chemical engineering, materials science, medicine, genetics, and other engineering and life science areas.
Current research primarily focuses on cultivating cells in three-dimensional environments rather than traditional flat laboratory dishes. Cells grown in two-dimensional conditions often act independently, but when cultured in 3D structures, they start functioning more like they would in actual tissues or organs. Researchers are experimenting with various techniques to grow tissue and organ cells within biodegradable 3D frameworks that break down once the cellular mass reaches a specific size. The ultimate goal is for these cultured cells to develop into fully operational tissues and organs.