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The Department of Biological Sciences provides graduate programs for both Master of Science and Doctor of Philosophy degrees. It aims to cultivate scholars who are well-versed in their field's literature, able to recognize emerging research challenges and opportunities, and skilled in essential research methodologies. Students achieve these goals through various avenues: guided research projects, academic coursework, involvement in seminar series, and successfully defending their thesis.
The Department maintains specialized laboratories and teaching spaces accommodating 250–300 graduate students. These include resources for digital imaging, electron and confocal microscopy, chemical analysis, molecular biology, fermentation processes, biotechnological applications, DNA synthesis and sequencing, as well as cell culture facilities for microorganisms, plants, insects, and mammals. Additional features comprise large aquatic animal tanks, climate-controlled rooms, and an expansive greenhouse facility. Off-site locations include the Devonian Botanic Garden with its fungal collections, several research stations like Meanook Biological Research Station and Ellerslie Plant Genetics Station near Edmonton, plus the Bamfield Marine Sciences Centre on Vancouver Island. The department also houses comprehensive research collections covering microfungi, vascular and non-vascular plants, along with vertebrate and invertebrate specimens, featuring significant holdings of fish species, fossilized plants and vertebrates, insects, and parasites.