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The Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) in Biological Sciences offered by the School of Life Sciences (SoLS) encompasses four specialized research areas representing contemporary biology: Ecology and Evolutionary Biology (EEB), Integrative Physiology (IP), Cell and Molecular Biology (CMB), and Microbiology (MB). This research-focused program equips students for professional paths in academia, government, and industry by developing specialized expertise. Participants must earn at least 60 credit hours through core and approved courses in their selected research discipline. The program requires original, groundbreaking research leading to a dissertation that advances knowledge in their field, with the expectation that findings will be published in peer-reviewed journals featuring the student as primary author. Additionally, students receive training to become skilled educators and must fulfill a two-semester teaching assistant requirement as part of their degree.