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Princeton maintains a longstanding focus on studying the interstellar medium—encompassing gas, dust, cosmic rays, and magnetic fields—a tradition initiated by Lyman Spitzer's groundbreaking contributions. Theoretical and observational approaches have consistently complemented each other. Key research domains involve Interstellar Gas: The analysis of absorption-line spectroscopy originated with the Copernicus satellite, which conducted vacuum ultraviolet spectroscopy between 1972 and 1980. Subsequent advancements came from the IMAPS instrument during two 1990s Shuttle missions, offering significantly higher wavelength resolution. Present ultraviolet research examines interstellar abundances, pressures, and highly ionized elements like OVI, utilizing data from spectrographs aboard FUSE and HST (Bowen, Draine, Jenkins).