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Air pollution causes more than four million premature deaths worldwide each year. This pollution consists of a complex mixture of chemicals released from both human activities and natural sources, which can undergo atmospheric transformations. These pollutants contribute to climate change and harm ecosystems, crops, and infrastructure. Mitigating these effects demands knowledge about emission origins and atmospheric chemical processes. For instance, various emission sources lead to the creation of secondary pollutants through photochemical reactions, including ground-level ozone and secondary particulate matter, both known to affect public health, economies, and climate patterns. In just the United States, annual spending on air pollution control exceeds $30 billion. Government regulations at all levels work to decrease emissions and minimize the effects of pollutants like sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, particulate matter, toxic metals, volatile organic compounds, and hydrocarbons.