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Research in reproductive physiology explores gamete and embryo development, fertility indicators in fresh and frozen livestock semen, the relationship between nutrition and puberty onset in heifers, ultrasound applications for pregnancy management in livestock, estrus and ovulation synchronization protocols, and how extensive farming systems impact dairy cattle reproductive performance. Lactation studies examine how mastitis affects reproduction and how dietary factors influence mammary gland function. Students may specialize in Animal Science with a physiology concentration, tailoring their coursework and research accordingly. Another option is pursuing an Animal Science major with a Physiology co-major, with both specializations appearing on the graduate transcript.