Main navigation
- Programs
- Subjects
- Universities
- Destinations
- Advice
Geochemistry examines the chemical makeup and structural changes of Earth and its various components, such as the atmosphere, oceans, crust, mantle, and core, along with celestial bodies like meteorites, comets, planets, the sun, and distant stars. This field focuses on how elements move and are distributed across Earth and its atmospheric layers. Originally a descriptive discipline, geochemistry has grown to emphasize understanding the underlying processes driving its findings. Modern geochemistry branches into specialized areas like aqueous geochemistry, cosmochemistry, inorganic geochemistry, isotope geochemistry, organic geochemistry, and trace-element geochemistry. Because chemical reactions play a key role in geological phenomena, geochemical insights help explain processes across broader earth sciences. At Caltech GPS, geochemical research since 1952 has explored elemental distribution in Earth and the solar system, developed techniques for dating planetary events, analyzed the composition of terrestrial and extraterrestrial materials, and investigated chemical interactions within Earth's interior, surface, and beyond.