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Microorganisms play a vital role in sustaining life on Earth. They make up over half of all living organisms on our planet, but scientists have only identified and examined approximately 1% of them. Disease-causing microbes like bacteria and viruses can invade our bodies, making our immune defenses crucial for protection. This dynamic between microbes and immune cells is fundamental to human survival. The University of Otago stands as New Zealand's sole provider of undergraduate programs in both Microbiology AND Infection and Immunity. These courses explore the hidden realm of microbes and immune responses while demonstrating their real-world applications. Microbes exist all around us—in our bodies, food, air, soil, and water. Their omnipresence means they influence nearly every facet of our existence. They contribute to food production (like cheese, wine, and beer) and are used in pharmaceuticals, agriculture, and industrial processes. While essential for soil health and breaking down organic matter, they can also trigger serious illnesses in humans, animals, and plants. The study of harmful microbes connects microbiology with immunology. Immunologists research disease prevention through vaccines and examine the immune system's role in non-infectious conditions like cancer.