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Microbiology focuses on microscopic life forms including algae, fungi, bacteria, and viruses that are invisible without magnification. These tiny organisms are incredibly numerous and varied, impacting human life in both harmful and beneficial manners.
Certain microorganisms trigger illnesses in people, animals, or plants, making them crucial for biosecurity concerns. Meanwhile, others provide advantages, like pest-controlling microbes (biological control) or organisms that break down toxic substances (biodegradation). Some microorganisms play fundamental roles in sustaining ecosystems, such as those producing oxygen and vital nutrients.
This extensive field encompasses bacteria, archaea, eukaryotic microorganisms, viruses, and includes environmental, evolutionary, and molecular microbiology studies.