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Ecology examines how living beings interact with their surroundings through scientific research. Today's ecological studies actually cover a much wider scope, investigating single organisms, species groups, population dynamics, biological communities, and entire ecosystems, while incorporating aspects of behavior, evolutionary processes, bodily functions, and growingly, molecular-level biology.
For Aotearoa New Zealand, ecological research holds particular significance. These isolated islands developed distinctive plant and animal life without mammalian presence until human arrival. The introduction of humans and accompanying species (including mammals) radically transformed Aotearoa's ecosystems, causing severe population declines and even disappearance of indigenous species.
Furthermore, worldwide climate shifts are reshaping Aotearoa's ecological systems, changing where both native and non-native species can survive and thrive.