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York University's inaugural science program was biology, introducing both undergraduate and graduate studies in the 1960s. This field examines living entities, scientifically termed "organisms," characterized by metabolic processes and reproductive capabilities. Researchers explore life forms from multiple perspectives, encompassing behavior, evolutionary patterns, ecological relationships, cellular structures, molecular interactions, and genetic inheritance. Their investigations span diverse species, ranging from plant life to insects, microorganisms to human beings. Biology frequently intersects with other disciplines, giving rise to specialized areas like biochemistry, biophysics, biotechnology, and biopsychology, all of which maintain close ties to biological science.