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The Biology Department provides thesis-focused graduate education for both M.Sc. (Master of Science) and Ph.D. (Doctor of Philosophy) degrees. Students in these programs must complete coursework, typically chosen from Biology course offerings, though courses from other university departments or institutions may be approved by the advisory committee. A minimum of two courses must be selected from the Biology Department's offerings. All graduate students are required to complete the Graduate Academic Integrity Module, an online course that must be finished within the initial 8 weeks of the first term and appears on academic transcripts. The Integrity Office will notify students about completing this module, which differs from the mandatory Academic Integrity Workshop.
Originally established with a focus on aquatic research and field studies, the Department's work has extended across diverse regions, including the African Great Lakes, Canada's northern territories, and the Great Lakes and Grand River watersheds. The department also maintains a strong legacy in environmental toxicology research.