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The Department of Plant Agriculture prioritizes plant breeding and associated disciplines such as genetics, genomics, molecular biology, and biotechnology. This comprehensive research yields significant progress in understanding how plant characteristics are genetically controlled. In certain instances, studies lead to gene identification and refined plant enhancement techniques, including tissue culture methods, molecular selection, and superior germplasm. Much of this research culminates in developing new crop varieties, which are then licensed to commercial partners across Ontario and elsewhere. The University earns over $800,000 each year from royalties on seed sales of various varieties and germplasm produced by the Department's breeding initiatives. This revenue stands as the University of Guelph's most substantial and reliable source of intellectual property income.