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The American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM) outlines the key responsibilities of Medical Physicists across three primary domains: clinical practice and advisory services, scientific investigation and innovation, and education. More broadly, the Medical Physics discipline encompasses three major specialties: radiation oncology, diagnostic radiology, and nuclear medicine.
Medical Physicists who focus on radiation oncology primarily work in clinical environments, collaborating closely with cancer specialists, dosimetry experts, and radiation therapists to deliver cancer treatments. These therapies primarily involve either external radiation beams produced by linear accelerators or brachytherapy procedures where radioactive materials are implanted internally. Beyond developing treatment strategies, Medical Physicists are responsible for implementing radiation safety protocols. They also manage technical operations within radiation oncology departments, including equipment validation, performance testing, and continuous quality control for all radiation sources and treatment devices.