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The Physics Department and the Institute of Nuclear and Particle Physics foster top-tier research teams in this foundational physics field. Faculty lead groundbreaking experiments probing nucleon and nuclear structure, including studies at SLAC on nucleon spin origins, neutron charge distribution analyses at Jefferson Lab, and pion beta decay precision measurements at PSI. Polarized electron scattering experiments at SLAC reveal intricate details about nucleon spin architecture, offering unparalleled insights into quark and gluon contributions to spin dynamics. Cutting-edge work advances high-power polarized target technology, employing superconducting magnets, cryogenic systems, and microwave techniques, alongside electron paramagnetic resonance analysis and theoretical modeling of hyperfine interactions. Jefferson Lab hosts an ambitious experimental program, including neutron electric form factor measurements. These investigations receive robust theoretical backing, exploring chiral quark models, quantum field theories, light-front dynamics, and QCD phenomena like structure function corrections and quark-hadron duality. Doctoral candidates receive full financial support through assistantships or fellowships, with dissertation research opportunities extending beyond campus to premier facilities worldwide, including NIST, Fermilab, CERN, and other international laboratories.