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Earth and Planetary Sciences explores our planet and celestial bodies within the solar system. This field examines rock formation, composition, and geological history, along with the various processes that alter them over time - from water and atmospheric effects to human impacts. It also investigates valuable resources like metals, petroleum, and coal that can be extracted from these materials. As an interdisciplinary science, it combines chemistry, physics, biology, meteorology, oceanography, and other fields to develop a complete understanding of Earth's and the solar system's evolution while promoting responsible natural resource management. Students considering this major should start foundational coursework in mathematics, chemistry, and physics early and meet with a Departmental Undergraduate Advisor for academic planning. The Bachelor of Science degree provides optimal preparation for graduate studies in Geology, Geophysics, or Planetary Science. B.S. candidates aren't required to choose a minor, as their degree requirements automatically satisfy a Distributed Minor. Students may request course substitutions in consultation with a department advisor. All majors are strongly encouraged to complete an undergraduate thesis (courses 493 and 495) under faculty supervision.