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The Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) in Biological Sciences offered by the School of Life Sciences (SoLS) features four specialized research areas representing contemporary biology: Ecology and Evolutionary Biology (EEB), Integrative Physiology (IP), Cell and Molecular Biology (CMB), and Microbiology (MB). This research-focused program equips students for professional paths in academia, government, and industry by developing specialized expertise. Participants must earn at least 60 credit hours through required and approved courses in their chosen specialization. The program emphasizes original research leading to a dissertation that advances knowledge in the field, with the expectation that findings will appear in peer-reviewed publications with the student as primary author. Additionally, students receive training in teaching methodologies and are required to fulfill two semesters of teaching assistant duties as part of their degree requirements.