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The Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) in Biological Sciences offered by the School of Life Sciences (SoLS) features four specialized research tracks representing contemporary biological disciplines: Ecology and Evolutionary Biology (EEB), Integrative Physiology (IP), Cell and Molecular Biology (CMB), and Microbiology (MB). This rigorous research-focused program equips graduates for professional paths in academic institutions, public sector roles, and corporate research as knowledgeable specialists in their selected area. Candidates are required to earn at least 60 credits from designated core and elective courses in their chosen specialization. The program emphasizes original, groundbreaking research leading to a dissertation that advances knowledge in the field. Students are expected to publish their dissertation findings in reputable academic journals as primary authors. Additionally, the curriculum includes pedagogical training, with all participants serving as teaching assistants for two semesters to develop essential educational skills.