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The Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) in Biological Sciences offered by the School of Life Sciences (SoLS) features four specialized research tracks representing contemporary biology: Ecology and Evolutionary Biology (EEB), Integrative Physiology (IP), Cell and Molecular Biology (CMB), and Microbiology (MB). This rigorous research-focused program equips graduates for professional paths in academia, government agencies, and private sector roles as specialized experts. Candidates must earn at least 60 credit hours through required and elective courses in their selected discipline. The program emphasizes original investigative work leading to a dissertation that advances knowledge in their field, with the expectation that findings will appear in scholarly publications under the student's primary authorship. Additionally, participants receive training in pedagogical skills and must fulfill a two-semester teaching assistantship requirement as part of their degree completion.