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Paleontology and paleobiology explore life's evolution across geological eras, from single species to entire ecosystems. Researchers investigate mammal evolution post-dinosaur extinction and during historical climate shifts, Mesozoic ecosystem dynamics preserved in fossilized waste, the emergence of colonial marine organisms, and the interplay between life and planetary development. Investigations employ museum collections, field discoveries, geochemical techniques, phylogenetic approaches combining fossil and molecular data, statistical evaluations of fossil records, and evolutionary frameworks. Fieldwork spans from the Rocky Mountains to the Arctic and tropical Americas, supported by the University of Colorado Museum of Natural History's extensive paleontological holdings - over 150,000 documented specimens from 45+ U.S. states and 80+ nations.