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Particle physics, often referred to as high-energy physics, examines the basic constituents of matter and how they interact. Investigating these particles at subatomic levels demands extremely high energies, typically achieved through particle accelerators in experimental setups. The prevailing theoretical framework, called the Standard Model, identifies quarks and leptons as the fundamental particles that form all known matter. These particles experience four fundamental forces: Strong, Electromagnetic, Weak, and Gravitational (though gravity remains unintegrated into this model). Quarks participate in strong interactions - familiar composite particles like neutrons, protons, mesons, and hyperons (collectively called hadrons) contain them. Leptons, which include electrons, muons, tau particles along with their corresponding neutrinos, do not experience the strong force (they possess zero strong charge).