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These biological interactions take place across all taxonomic classifications: involving single-celled and multicellular lifeforms, microorganisms and flora, plants with other plants, flora and fauna, microbes with animals, and diverse animal species. Research into these relationships has intensified in recent years through collaborative work between biologists and chemists conducting both fundamental and practical investigations in laboratory and natural settings. The chemical ecology specialization is provided through a partnership between the Environmental and Forest Biology Department and the Chemistry Department. Prospective students should submit applications to their preferred primary department, which will establish the core requirements. Professors from both disciplines collaborate to design customized study programs, allowing students to develop advanced expertise in either chemistry or biology while gaining sufficient knowledge of the complementary field to address interdisciplinary challenges.