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Bioinformatics (which encompasses Systems Biology) and Medical Informatics (also referred to as Biomedical, Health, or Clinical Informatics) are interconnected disciplines that employ data mining and pattern recognition to identify biological or clinical patterns within extensive datasets. Most research and development (R&D) in these areas can be classified into three main categories. The first involves algorithm development, where specialists apply mathematical, engineering, and occasionally physical science techniques to create more efficient and precise methods for analyzing biological or clinical data. The second category follows the software engineering approach, concentrating on human-computer interaction, particularly data visualization and graphical user interface (GUI) design to help users interpret algorithmic results effectively. The third category focuses on addressing specific biological or medical inquiries, such as investigating the mechanisms of biological systems or diseases, including work in Systems Biology. This program provides training across all three branches, allowing students to specialize in their preferred area during the second year. The first year is customized to address gaps in the student's background relevant to their chosen specialization. Typically, students take foundational courses in two of four disciplines—Biology, Chemistry, Computer Science, or Mathematics/Statistics—based on their prior knowledge. While all students must present a thesis proposal, only those in the traditional MS track are required to complete an oral thesis defense.