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Scientific and technical expertise fuels breakthroughs and progress worldwide. This program examines how social, cultural, political, and economic factors influence scientific careers and research. Core topics include: What drives the pipeline of STEM professionals? We analyze educational policies and societal structures that shape training and career growth in science and technology fields, from early STEM education in schools to long-term professional paths. How can we foster diversity in technical fields? Innovation thrives when diverse perspectives contribute, yet systemic obstacles often limit participation from women and underrepresented groups. Our research evaluates policy solutions and organizational approaches to overcome these challenges. What makes research organizations successful? We study various models of scientific institutions, examining governance structures, management practices, and strategies that enhance research productivity and technological advancement.