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Geoengineering involves researching, designing, and utilizing natural geomaterials (such as soil and rock), geosynthetic polymer materials, and various manufactured materials (including industrial by-products suitable for engineering purposes). This field incorporates multiple engineering specialties, such as Geotechnical Engineering, Geoenvironmental Engineering, Geological Engineering, and Geophysical Engineering. At Colorado State University, the Geoengineering Program primarily emphasizes teaching and research in Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering. Geoenvironmental Engineering deals with applying geologic (earthen) and geosynthetic (polymer) materials to safeguard human health and the environment. Key challenges tackled by Geoenvironmental Engineers involve preserving uncontaminated subsurface areas and restoring polluted zones caused by incidents like industrial chemical spills, failing waste containment systems, leaking storage tanks (both above and below ground), and pesticide infiltration.