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Caltech's approach to microbiology stands apart. Researchers across multiple disciplines investigate microbial systems at different scales—from molecular to planetary, and from contemporary to ancient times. We acknowledge and honor microbes' pivotal role in shaping both the biosphere and geosphere. Using model microorganisms, we examine a wide array of topics, spanning fundamental biology and biochemistry, the physical laws that govern living systems, and pressing inquiries about resilience, stability, and network design. Our work also explores microbial interactions within populations and ecosystems, along with their environmental impacts. This includes research on both harmful and benign viruses, employing techniques from molecular biology, cell biology, physiology, and systems biology to decipher viral entry mechanisms, replication processes, and transmission strategies while bypassing host defenses. Additionally, Caltech scientists aim to harness microbes' metabolic adaptability as biological tools to address global challenges.