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Access to safe and wholesome food is essential for human survival. Food safety risks arise from microbial and chemical pollutants that may lead to acute illness or long-term health problems. Various factors including weather conditions, economic hardship, and political instability can disrupt food availability. Furthermore, both unintentional and intentional food adulteration presents serious health threats, exemplified by incidents like China's melamine-laced milk or the EU's fipronil-contaminated eggs. Our studies tackle these food safety, security, and public health concerns by: Examining health effects of naturally occurring toxins in low- and middle-income countries using exposure biomarkers and epidemiological research. Analyzing natural food contaminants including mycotoxins and cyanogenic compounds. Exploring connections between food safety, nutritional adequacy, and population health. Developing innovative food processing methods to minimize toxins. Improving nutrient absorption and decreasing food loss.