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No other place on Earth captivates the imagination like Antarctica. As the highest, coldest, and most remote continent, its immense size influences global climate patterns and ocean circulation. Should the ice sheets melt - a scenario projected by numerous climate models - sea levels could surge by up to 70 meters. The Antarctic region and its surrounding Southern Ocean nurture a distinctive ecosystem that thrives in these extreme conditions.
Yet Antarctica wasn't always the frozen, secluded landmass we know today. Historically, it enjoyed warmer periods and was connected to other landmasses, particularly as part of the ancient Gondwana supercontinent. The breakup of Gondwana ultimately formed the southern continents in their current configuration. Numerous unique flora and fauna species found in Aotearoa New Zealand and across the Southern Hemisphere trace their ancestry back to Gondwana.