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The behavior of fluid flow is described by complex nonlinear systems of partial differential equations. In numerous practical scenarios, the flow encompasses an extensive spectrum of length scales, where the equations' nonlinear nature causes energy to transfer between different scales. This intricate complexity has made fluid mechanics a fertile ground for groundbreaking mathematical concepts. The field continues to drive advancements in partial differential equations, asymptotic analysis, computational techniques, and nonlinear wave phenomena—including solitons, instability mechanisms, chaotic systems, and stochastic processes.
The interplay between Mathematics and the Sciences has profoundly influenced contemporary society. Following this tradition, the Department of Applied Mathematics provides graduate students with research opportunities in Control Theory and Dynamical Systems, Fluid Mechanics, Mathematical Biology and Medicine, Mathematical Physics, and Scientific Computing. Student research projects employ advanced mathematical theories across diverse scientific disciplines, from optimizing cancer treatments and controlling smart materials to processing fractal images, developing quantum computers, and investigating climate patterns, cosmic inflation, and nanoscale technologies. As part of the University of Waterloo's Faculty of Mathematics—ranked 20th globally in the 2015 QS Mathematics Rankings—the department maintains strong collaborations with Science and Engineering faculties, as well as research centers like the Institute for Quantum Computing and the Perimeter Institute. The department offers both Master's and PhD programs, with the thesis-based MMath typically completed in two years, leading to doctoral studies or industry careers. The four-year PhD program primarily prepares graduates for academic research, though many also enter industrial, governmental, or commercial R&D roles.