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While Canada possesses greater water resources than most countries, variations in both the amount and purity of our accessible water—caused by climate change and human activities—significantly impact Canadian society. Addressing water quality challenges typically demands knowledge of physical phenomena like water movement and permanent mixing processes.
Key instances involve the accumulation of nutrients above dam reservoirs, the delivery of nutrients to surface waters that sustain phytoplankton and fishery food chains, the spread of wastewater in lakes and coastal areas, and the movement of pollutants (including E. coli and Cryptosporidium) toward drinking water sources and recreational shorelines.
The field of Environmental Fluid Mechanics examines and explains the physical behavior of water systems, with the goal of creating computational models to forecast how climate shifts and human interventions affect lake water circulation patterns.